This brief summarizes key findings from the 2023/24 early literacy screening data in Massachusetts, collected statewide for kindergarten through grade 3 students. About one third of students were identified as significantly below benchmark at least once during the year, with persistent risk especially among students from low-income backgrounds, English Learners, students receiving special education services, Black students, and Hispanic students. Most students identified as at risk early in the year remained so by year-end, highlighting the need for interventions that are more effective. Screening tools showed varying agreement rates, emphasizing careful selection and use.